The Relationship between Science and Religion - 814 Words

When one thinks of religion, Christianity may come to mind. And when one talks about science, Galileo’s name will most likely be mentioned. The relationship between science and religion has had a long complex history. Both strived to answer and explain the way the world and the universe came to exist and why it functions the way it does. However, one subject relies on the supernatural world while the other on the physical world. Christianity, Judaism and other Western religions played a major role in the development of science. Theologians helped determined what theories should be acceptable to the public and other scientist. The most memorable events in history are Galileo’s trial by the Inquisition and the controversy surrounding Darwin’s theory of evolution. Many great scientists were in fact devout in their religions and tried to accommodate religious faith and be flexible with their theories. At the same time, others tried to find a way to connect new discov eries to a divine plan. When the passages of the Bible, for example, were translated literally, it led to conflict between what was thought to be the divine truth and what was proven to be true. Has the religion really shaped the foundation of science or has science transformed what is now believed to be the difference between the supernatural and the natural? In Christianity, a sacred text known as the Bible tells of historical stories of greater meaning and was alleged written under divine inspiration. Its mainShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Science And Religion Essay2131 Words   |  9 PagesThe relationship between science and religion as Western categories of thought has long been fraught with tension; academics suggest that the conflict between religion and science arose in the 17th century, as a result of the Galileo Affair, and continued into the 18th century Age of Enlightenment. Others, however, suggest that the dispute between the two systems of belief may even be t raced as far back as classical antiquity. Even today, it is clear that tensions endure between academics unableRead MoreThe Relationship Between Religion And Science1339 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout modern times, philosophers have debated the relationship between religion and science. For example, the question has been raised whether science and religion give the same kind of knowledge, thus competing with one another. The alternate view is that they give different kinds of knowledge, thereby complementing one another. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was an Italian scientist who addressed this issue. A bit later, the English philosopher David Hume (1711-1776) similarly discussed the kindsRead MoreThe Relationship Between Religion And Science907 Words   |  4 PagesThe relationship between religion and science is indubitably debated. Barbour describes four ways of viewing this relationship (conflict, independence, dialogue--religion explains what science cannot, and integration-- religion and science overlap). Gould presents a case in which religion and science are non-overlapping magisteria (NOMA), that the two entities teach different things and therefore do not conflict. The subject of this essay is Worrall, who says that religion and science does conflictRead MoreThe Relationship between Science and Religion755 Words   |  4 Pages　　The Relationship between Science and Religion 　　The relationship between science and religion will be analyzed in the following three aspects: conflict, compartmentalization and complementariness. 　　Conflict 　　An essential question on our own existence is bound to evoke our curiosity: where did we come from? Charles Darwin, in his theory of evolution, believed that human being was evolved from apes. However, the Genesis in Bible considered that human was created by God. Undoubtedly, it is impossibleRead MoreRelationship Between Science And Religion950 Words   |  4 PagesWithin philosophy, there has long been a question about the relationship between science and religion. These two systems of human experience have undoubtedly had a lot of influence in the course of mankind’s development. The philosopher Ian Barbour created a taxonomy regarding science and religion that has become widely influential. His taxonomy postulates that there are four ways in which science and religion are thought to interact. The four categories are: conflict, independence, dialogue, andRead MoreRelationship Between Science And Religion901 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy of consciousness bring s an interesting twist into the relationship between science and religion. Humans standalone from all other creatures because we are conscious, this indicates to some people that there has to be a higher power. When studying the evolution of humans, we find that we are so much more advanced than any other known creature on the planet. This article attempts to explain the relationship between science and religion and the few unexplained things in the universe that prove thereRead MoreThe Relationship Between Religion And Science1056 Words   |  5 Pages100 October 4, 2014 Western Individualism What is the relationship between religion and science? In his book, Consilience, Edward O. Wilson aims to find a unified theory of knowledge. Consilence also seeks to show how science is superior to and can replace religion. In this paper, I intend to show how Wilson understands this relationship and science as well as how. as well as show John Stuart Mill would agree or disagree with Wilson. Science â€Å"aims to save the spirit, not by surrender but by theRead MoreRelationship Between Science And Religion1159 Words   |  5 PagesThe relationship between the philosophies of science and religion has long been a contentious topic in both popular and scholastic discourse. While some individuals engaging in this debate suggest that the relationship between the two disciplines is one of direct opposition, others propose that the two disciplines are in fact compatible or too dissimilar to be in conflict. While this debate raged, certain academics attempted to find a way to solve the apparent conflict between science and religionRead MoreRelationship Between Science And Religion3252 Words   |  14 Pageshe relationship between science and religion is a very interesting and complex one, and has changed quite a lot over the course of human history. In order to competently understand this relationship, it is necessary to have a rudimentary knowledge of the fundamental method s and aims of each discipline. Though the relationship between science and religion has changed a lot over time, what has not changed is the fact that the two disciplines are diametrically opposed to each other in many ways, havingRead MoreRelationship Between Science And Religion1481 Words   |  6 Pagesmethod of inductive logic. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) allowed science and theology to each have their own sovereign realm. Conflicting ideas between science and religion began to develop during the nineteenth century. During the twentieth century people began to believe that all human knowledge was scientific knowledge. Research either proved or disproved theories of the earth’s origin. People began to question the supremacy of science on the basis of the very premises that brought it to power,

The Rise Of My Online Fashion Apparel Business And The...

Hypothetically, if I was given a death sentence for an unnamed crime tomorrow, and the judge, who sentenced me to death, gives me a single chance to redeem myself by telling a meaningful story that happened in my life. The story I’d tell wouldn’t be a tear jerking childhood story. Instead, I’d like to choose a real meaningful story that happened in recent time. That story would be the rise of my online fashion apparel business and the fall of it. The year was 2015, summer time, and I’d just graduated high school and became a fully fledged college student. I had three whole months of freedom before college would start in fall. I was very excited during that time as the free time would allow me to create and launch my own business. I’d†¦show more content†¦Their level of support was expected and I continued on anyway. Once I had the idea and business name, I started to prepare for launch day, which was September. I’d spend every singl e minute I had developing designs for the tees and prints that would go in the online store. Designing the artwork was not too difficult as I was fully comfortable with designing softwares ever since I was in middle school. Ideas for artwork was not too difficult either as they came crashing into my mind like meteors. My friends and family also helped out with some designs by criticizing them and chose which version was the best and etc. Once I’d finished designing enough artworks for the tees and prints, next up was creating the online store. I spent quite a lot of money on creating the website as they’re not very cheap. I found and spoke with a bunch of Vietnamese website developers from Vietnam that helped create the website. They were quite nice and surprisingly professional when dealing with my ego. It took us an entire month of August to perfect the website. There was much sweat and pressure as launch day was coming up soon. After the website was completed, my ne xt step was to finish up all of the paperwork that was needed for the business, and to advertise the snot out of my business to everyone. At last, my business launched in September of 2015. It was glorious to see visitors from every country with wallets begging to be spent on the store’s tees and prints. Time was

Make Prostitution Legal Essay Example For Students

Make Prostitution Legal Essay Prostitution Theory 101by Yvonne Abraham with Sarah McNaughtFew things have divided feminists as much as the sex industry. Theoristswho agree on a vast swath of issues economic equality, affirmativeaction, even sexual liberation often find themselves bitterly opposed overpornography and prostitution. Most 19th-century feminists opposed prostitution and considered prostitutesto be victims of male exploitation. But just as the suffragette andtemperance movements were bound together at the turn of the century, sotoo were feminist and contemporary moral objections to prostitution. Women, the argument went, were repositories of moral virtue, andprostitution tainted their purity: the sale of sex was, like alcohol, both causeand symptom of the decadence into which society had sunk. By the 1960s and 70s, when Betty Friedan and Germaine Greer assertedthat sexual liberation was integral to womens liberation, feminists werereluctant to oppose prostitution on moral grounds. Traditional morality, Greerargued, had helped to repress women sexually, had made their needssecondary to mens. That sexual subordination compounded womenseconomic and political subordination. Today, some feminists see hooking as a form of sexual slavery; others, as aroute to sexual self-determination. And in between are those who seeprostitution as a form of work that, like it or not, is here to stay. Radical feminists such as lawyer Catharine MacKinnon andantipornography theorist Andrea Dworkin oppose sex work in any form. By the 1960s and 70s, when Betty Friedan and Germaine Greer asserted that sexual liberation was integral to womens liberation, feminists were reluctant to oppose prostitution on moral grounds. Traditional morality, Greer argued, had helped to repress women sexually, had made their needs secondary to mens. That sexual subordination compounded womens economic and political subordination. Today, some feminists see hooking as a form of sexual slavery; others, as a route to sexual self-determination. And in between are those who see prostitution as a form of work that, like it or not, is here to stay. Radical feminists such as lawyer Catharine MacKinnon and antipornography theorist Andrea Dworkin oppose sex work in any form. They argue that it exploits women and reinforces their status as sexual objects, undoing many of the gains women have made over the past century. Others detect in this attitude a strain of neo-Victorianism, a condescending belief that prostitutes dont know what theyre doing and need somebody with more education to protect them. Some women, these dissenters point out, actually choose the profession. Feminists who question the antiprostitution radicals also point out that Dworkin and MacKinnon sometimes sound eerily like their nemeses on the religious right. Phyllis Schlafly, a rabid family-values crusader, has even cited Dworkin in her antipornography promotional materials. This kind of thing has not improved the radicals image among feminists. At the other extreme from Dworkin and MacKinnon are sex-radical feminists like Susie Bright and Pat Califia. They argue that sex work can be a good thing: a bold form of liberation for women, a way for some to take control of their lives. The problem there, though, is that the life of a prostitute is often more Leaving Las Vegas than Pretty Woman (see Pop Many feminists fall somewhere in between the rad-fem and sex-radical poles. Wendy Chapkis, professor of sociology and womens studies at the University of Southern Maine and the author of the Live Sex Acts: Women Performing Erotic Labor (Routledge, 1997), is one of them. For nine years, Chapkis studied prostitution in California and the Netherlands, as well as in Britain and Finland, and conducted interviews with 50 sex workers. Chapkis says she sees the profession as it is: many of her interviews confirmed much of the ugliness that radical feminists abhor, as well as the empowerment that sex radicals perceive. I dont think prostitution is the ultimate in womens liberation, she says. But I think its better understood as work than as inevitably a form of sexual violence. What prostitutes need, she argues, is not a bunch of goody-goodies looking down on them, but decent working conditions. Chapkis believes prostitution should be decriminalized. Just because it can be lousy work doesnt mean it should be stamped out, she argues. After all, she says, there are lots of jobs in which women are underpaid, underappreciated, and exploited. Criminalizing the profession just exacerbates prostitutes problems by isolating them from the law and leaving them vulnerable to abusive pimps and johns. In a profession where women traditionally are not treated well, arent empowered, and should be able to go to the police for protection and assistance, she says, we make the police an extra obstacle, another threat. In the Netherlands, by contrast, where prostitution is decriminalized, police and prostitutes are on the same side: hookers speak at police academies to educate the officers about their work, and Chapkis says the communication pays off in safer working conditions for the women. But what .

War on Iraq- Stillman free essay sample

â€Å"The Decision to go to war with Iraq† (Pfiffner, 2009) is an analysis of the factors that led G. W. Bush and his administration to invade Iraq and overthrow Saddam Hussein and his government. Pfiffner provides a short historic background explaining the reasons this decision was made. According to his essay these reasons relate closely to the G. H. W. Bush administration that in the 1990s decided against invading Iraq and overthrowing Hussein. Public officers, who were assigned in critical positions during the G. W. Bush administration, such as Rumsfield, Wolfowitz and Perle, were pushing a war agenda convinced that Iraq posed a major threat to the United States, previously during the Clinton administration (Pfiffner, 2009). Undoubtedly, trying to analyze this decision is a very difficult task. Complicating this task are several factors, including the individuals and agencies involved in the decision, which now is seen as erroneous and a failure of public administration. We will write a custom essay sample on War on Iraq- Stillman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the decision making the president, appointed officials and organizations such as the CIA were involved. The 9/11 terrorists attacks played a major role in the president’s decision to go to war with Iraq. It seems that after that incident G. W. Bush changed his mind and started believing that war was inevitable (Pfiffner, 2009). A good starting point would be to analyze the individuals involved that influenced the President and his decisions. There is no doubt that the appointed officials were given specific positions based on merit. They were experts in their discipline, had skill and experience. It is very interesting to observe that most of them fit perfectly the ideal public official based on the New Deal Era Theory. Like in the 1930s these officials were experienced, industry trained and had a very good university education (Morgan et al. , 2008). The scientific and technical expertise, which is the base of the merit system, was present. This notion was evident and it did create potentially good appointed public servants. Whether appointed on patronage or not in this case does not seem relevant. What does matter however, is the lack of administrative ethics and responsibility they exhibited. The New Deal model demanded neutral competency (Morgan et al. , 2008). That meant that public officials should perform their jobs based on a very strict set of standards and no other criteria or loyalties. In this case they did not identify their responsibilities and overstepped boundaries, which led to ethical violations. The two latter ones were the reasons for bad public administration. This lack of ethics and responsibility is clearly shown by the efforts that were made to politically influence agencies and their reports (such as the frequent trips the Vice President made to the CIA), manipulation of the reports of agencies and when this strategy failed, the creation of the Office of Special Plans by Rumsfield, which provided convenient information to justify the need of military intervention in Iraq (Pfiffner, 2009). Another issue compared when this case is seen under the prism of the New Deal model is that the elected or appointed officials did not display trust and faith in the expertise and technical knowledge of the CIA. CIA, and the United Nations independent inspectors had not found Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq (Pfiffner, 2009). Under the New Deal this would be sufficient since the official, meaning the Bush administration, should show trust in the systems and processes brought by these agencies, as result of their expertise (Morgan et al. , 2008). That should have been the appropriate character shown and no efforts to politically influence other public officers should have been made. It is interesting that the President’s inner and outer cabinet showed loyalty, not to a specific individual but to intrinsic needs and ideas. They believed war was necessary and eventually convinced the President of that. But G. W. Bush was not without blame. After he decided to go to war with Iraq, he postponed the announcement of his decision for four months, and he proceeded to attack support in the United Nation and the American public, based on incorrect information (Pfiffner, 2009). Another issue was that the Democratic Party supported the decision to go to war not based on the evidence but because of fear that a negative vote would be used against them in the upcoming elections. The Democratic Party as elected officials failed to exercise its duties and responsibilities. Under the same scope so did CIA. Both of them refused to act on the responsibility based on the Formal-Legal theory, which requires public administrators who see a problem to act upon it, and find ways to solve it by restoring the official who overstepped boundaries and conducted ethical violations (Morgan et al. 2008). Additionally, another responsibility, the integrity of the policy formulation process was truncated. Burke (2008) stated that administrators should not promote their own policies. It is exactly what occurred in this decision making process. Both the CIA and the Democratic Party kept a passive attitude and let the lack of ethics and responsibility prevail. The way the Bush admini stration handled this agenda raises the issue of â€Å"The King George Problem†. When people vote in a democracy, they essentially trust specific individuals with their own decision-making powers. The problem is that in that way, and following the Federalist government model, they rely heavily on elected public officials and their appointees (Morgan et al. , 2008). However, it is the same government model that considers necessary due notice of serious decisions and transparency in the methods that these decisions were made, as well as procedural fairness in the way information was gathered and assessed (Morgan et al. 2008). Any action deviating from these requirements would give a government too much power and qualify it as tyrannical, leading to â€Å"The King George Problem†. One might add that the actions of the Bush administration should not have occurred to virtue alone. Public officer are required to act with integrity, character and competence (Morgan et al. , 2008). Although one might argue that competence, in the essence of merit, skills and exper tise was present, it is obvious that integrity was not. Public officers in the United States are stewards of the Constitution, which expresses the will of the People (Morgan et al. , 2008). This time the People supported their government’s decision and did not question or scrutinized the evidence provided. The support came from an uneducated audience, which did not have clear insight of the situation. The alert, inquisitive, detective public thought that would have exposed the government’s abuses (Wilson, 1887) was inactive misled by a government that manipulated evidence. It seems that the decision to go to war with Iraq was a hasty decision. As political appointees and knowing that their service would be short-termed, they acted as â€Å"birds of passage† as Heclo called them, adapting in the situation at hand and acting quickly in order to achieve something (Stillman, 2010). That would partially explain the rush behind the Bush administration intervening in Iraq. Since there are many stakeholders it is hard to hypothesize and through that determine how things could or would have been different. The fact is that several entities failed to do their duty (passive stance by the CIA and Democratic Party, overstepping boundaries, political pressure and ethical violations by elected and appointed officials) and dragged the United States in a war that until today seems very hard to disengage. References Morgan Douglas F. , Green, Richard, Shinn, Craig W. , and Robinson, Kent S. 2008: Foundations of Public Service, Armonk, NY, M. E. Sharpe Stillman, Richard J. 2010. Public Administration: Concepts and Cases, 9th Ed. , Boston Wadsworth.